MEDFARM: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan

OVERVIEW OF HPV(human papillomavirus) VACCINE ACCEPTANCE IN STUDENTS

2025-06-30T15:01:23+00:00

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women worldwide, with more than 75% of cases occurring in developing countries. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer case in Indonesia. The government is preparing a strategy to prevent cervical cancer with HPV vaccination, one of which is for unmarried teenagers. This is supported by the fact that intercourse is now becoming more free and many people are having sexual relations in the 17 to 21 year age group. Many teenagers are afraid to get the HPV vaccination. Wrong beliefs can influence the acceptance of cervical cancer management and prevention. This study was aims to determine the acceptance of HPV vaccination as an early prevention of cervical cancer in pharmacy students. The type of research that will be carried out is quantitative descriptive research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all Pharmacy Students Class of 2024. The sample taken in this study was a total sampling with a total of 142 students. The variable studied was student acceptance of HPV vaccination. The instrument used was a questionnaire with Google Form. Data analysis using univariate. The results of research on acceptance of the HPV vaccine among students show that the majority of respondents were female (93.7%). More than half (54.9%) of respondents were 18 years old. More than half, 55.6% of respondents, were less able to receive the HPV vaccine. Education among teenagers, especially students, regarding HPV vaccination needs to be improved, so that they can understand and accept HPV vaccination and as prospective health workers can become role models for changing health behavior

Keywords: Students, Receiving, HPV Vaccine.

Ethnopharmaceutical Study of Medicinal Plants in Sumbersuko District, Lumajang Regency

2025-07-28T18:11:18+00:00

There are approximately 400 distinct ethnic groups in Indonesia (ethnic and sub-ethnic). Traditional medical practices are one example of the kinds of knowledge that have been handed down from one generation to the next in every nation, tribe, and subgroup within those nations. The people who live in the Lumajang Regency continue to have faith in the efficacy of traditional medicine. The practice of traditional medicine or shamans who treat residents around their residences in a number of districts in Lumajang, one of which is the Sumbersuko district, is evidence that this is the case. In the Sumbersuko District, there are a total of eight speakers who continue to uphold traditions related to the use of natural materials in medical practice. Interviews and questionnaires are being used as tools for the descriptive methodology that underpins this research project. According to the findings of this research, there are 37 different species of plants that are used as traditional medicine by the local community in the Sumbersuko District. These plants are categorized into 26 different families, with the Zingiberaceae family containing the most types of plants, including as many as 5 different species of plants. According to the findings of this research, the members of the community in the Sumbersuko District utilize the following plant parts: leaves, rhizomes, bulbs, fruits, skin, seeds, stems, flowers, sap, and all other plant parts. The leaf is the most commonly used component of the plant. To prepare plants for use, they are typically boiled, grated, ground, kneaded, and squeezed before being put to direct use.Keywords: consist of 3-5 words or phrases represent the focus of writing.

ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF TURMERIC EXTRACT (Curcuma domestica) IN LIQUID SOAP FORMULATION AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Malassezia furfur ATCC 14521

2025-06-30T15:01:24+00:00

Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) has been identified as a potential natural antifungal agent due to its curcuminoids and essential oils. Malassezia furfur, a lipophilic fungus, is commonly found on human skin but can become pathogenic, causing Pityriasis versicolor. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of turmeric extract in a liquid soap formulation against Malassezia furfur. A post-test only with control group design was used, employing the well-diffusion method to assess antifungal efficacy. Turmeric extract was incorporated into liquid soap at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, with positive (commercial antifungal soap) and negative (soap base) controls. The inhibition zones were measured using a vernier caliper, and data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni testing. Results showed that all formulations met the Indonesian National Standards (SNI). The highest inhibition zone was observed at 20% concentration (17,46 mm), while the lowest was at 10% concentration (15,80 mm). ANOVA analysis confirmed significant differences between groups (p < 0,05). The study concludes that turmeric extract in liquid soap formulations demonstrates antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur and has potential as a natural alternative to synthetic antifungal agents.

The Potential of Aegle marmelos as a Co-Chemotherapeutic Antimetastatic Agent for Ovarian Cancer : a Review

2025-07-28T19:03:42+00:00

Aegle marmelos, commonly known as bael, has long been utilized in traditional medicine due to its diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Recent studies have highlighted its potential as an anticancer agent through mechanisms such as apoptosis induction, proliferation inhibition, and suppression of metastasis. Ovarian cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis, chemoresistance, and rapid metastatic progression. Co-chemotherapeutic agents derived from natural products, such as A. marmelos, may enhance standard chemotherapy efficacy, reduce resistance, and mitigate adverse effects. This review explores the potential of A. marmelos as a co-chemotherapeutic agent against metastatic ovarian cancer. The discussion covers its phytochemical composition, molecular mechanisms, cytotoxic activity across various cancer types, and its synergistic role in modulating resistance and tumor microenvironment. The therapeutic promise of A. marmelos in integrative cancer treatment strategies is emphasized as a research direction for future translational and clinical applications.

Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Pharyngitis at Juanda Samarinda Public Health Center from January-December 2023

2025-07-02T04:50:05+00:00

Pharyngitis is an infection or inflammation of the pharyngeal (throat) region, primarily caused by bacteria and viruses. The most common bacterial cause is Group A Streptococcus. Management of bacterial pharyngitis involves the use of antibiotics aimed at eradicating the causative pathogen. Quantitative analysis of antibiotic use can be conducted using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method, which is useful for assessing both the pattern and volume of drug consumption. This study aims to quantify the use of antibiotics in pediatric pharyngitis patients using the ATC/DDD method at Juanda Samarinda Public Health Center in 2023. This research is classified as a descriptive quantitative study and employs a non-experimental, retrospective design. Data were collected from antibiotic usage reports and medical records of pediatric pharyngitis patients treated in 2023. Data processing was performed using descriptive and quantitative analysis, with all results processed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and presented in tabular format. Based on the findings, the antibiotic with the highest usage in pediatric pharyngitis patients at Juanda Samarinda Public Health Center was Amoxicillin, with an average of 38.5 DDD/1,000 patient-days (KPRJ), while the lowest was Cefadroxil, with an average of 4.9 DDD/1,000 patient-days (KPRJ).

Combination of Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and Glibenclamide in Mice (Mus Muscullus) Hyperglycemia

2025-06-30T15:01:24+00:00

Diabetes is a disease whose sufferers continue to increase in Indonesia. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2019, estimated around 463 million people with the disease. This figure is likely to continue to increase, up to 578 million in 2030 and 700 million in 2045. The use of herbal medicines is now growing, one of which comes from the secang woods (Caesalpinia sappan L.). The plant is rich in active bioactive components such as flavonoids and tannins. The flavonoids contained in secang have the ability to inhibit the enzyme α-glucosidase which plays a role in lowering the reabsorption of sugar into the blood. This study aims to determine the antihyperglycemia activity of the combination of sappang (Caesalpinia sappan L) and glibenclamamide in hyperglycemic mice. This research was carried out by providing treatment to the grouped mice. This study was experimental using a pretest-posttest with control group design. The results showed a significant difference in the average blood sugar levels of mice induced by alloxan in the group given a combination of secang and glibenclamide, namely a decrease in blood sugar levels from 227 mg/dL to 116.50 mg/dL after treatment.

THE THE EFFECT OF ADDING TOMATO EXTRACT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to APPLE-BASED SHEET JAM (Malus sylvestris L.) AS AN ANTIOXIDANT

2025-06-30T15:01:24+00:00

Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or reduce oxidative stress in physiological systems. The natural antioxidants found in our food are substances that can protect cells from the dangers of free radicals produced by the body's metabolism. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and apple (Malus sylvestris L.) are natural compounds with strong antioxidant capacities which can be used in functional food. Both natural compounds will be made into jam sheets, a modified jam printed in sheet which is very easy to serve on bread and cakes. This research aimed to find the best formula of apple puree sheet jam added with differences of tomato juice concentration. There are 4 sheet jam formulas which are F1, F2, F3, and F4 use 100 g of apple puree and add tomato juice as 0 g, 60 g, 75 g, and 90 g respectively. The parameter test used for this research were hedonics test for panelists, water content test, pH value, total plate count, mold/yeast test, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that F4 was the best formula preferred by the panelists. The water content, pH value, total plate count, and mold/yeast test were 21.62%, 4.23, and 7.5 x10², respectively. The antioxidant activity value with an IC₅₀ value of 87.14 ppm. The addition of 90 g of tomato juice on 100 g of apple puree produces sheet jam with strong antioxidant activity.

Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Of Leaf Extract Of Senduduk Bulu (Clidemia Hirta (L) D.Don) And Exploration Of The Antibacterial Activity

2025-07-28T17:29:41+00:00

Senduduk bulu wild plant contains secondary metabolite compounds which used natural reducing agent on synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This research determine the optimum extract concentration and temperature in the process synthesis of silver nanoparticle, characteristics of silver nanoparticles and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against S.aureus and E.coli. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles senduduk bulu leaf using variations extract concentration and temperature variations. The characteristics of silver nanoparticles senduduk bulu leaf were carried out using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Antibacterial activity testing used the disc diffusion method. The results of research showed the silver nanoparticles of senduduk bulu leaf were successfully synthesized under optimal conditions an extract concentration of 1% and temperature of 60ºC indicated the colloid color changing to brown and maximum wavelength value of 413 nm with absorbance value of 2.9987. The size of colloidal AgNPs of senduduk bulu leaf was 59.2 ± 1.03 nm; zeta potential value -39.3±0.509 mV. The morphology of the AgNPs of senduduk bulu non uniform shape, the crystal size distribution is 50 – 230 nm with an average of 136 nm. The chemical composition of AgNPs crystals shows that silver (Ag) dominates with a weight concentration of 37.688% and atomic concentration of 7.605% at the peak of the 3 KeV spectrum. Feathered AgNPs had antibacterial activity against S.aureus of 14.1 ± 0.3 mm and E. coli of 13.5 ± 0.2 mm.

Keywords: Green Synthesis, Silver Nanoparticle, Senduduk Bulu Leaf, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Formulation And Physical Quality Test Of Lip Balm Preparations From Yellow Sweet Potato Skin Extract (Ipomoea Batatas L.)

2025-07-28T19:23:52+00:00

Formulation and testing of physical quality of lip balm preparation derived from sweet potato skin extract (Ipomoea batatas L). This study highlights the potential utilization of sweet potato skin, which is often discarded, as a valuable resource due to its high content of natural antioxidants and beneficial compounds. The extraction process was carried out to obtain skin extract, which was then formulated into a lip balm preparation at concentrations of 0.2% and 0.4%. This study was conducted using an experimental research method that aims to determine the activity of yellow sweet potato skin extract (Ipomoea batatas L.). The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling. The skin used will meet the criteria of being clean, not moldy, not overgrown with fibers, the aroma remains fresh and distinctive, and does not smell bad. The results showed that the lip balm formulation with a concentration of 0.2% showed organoleptic test results, namely cacao aroma, semi-solid form, and brown color. The pH test results were 7 SNI standards, namely 4.5 - 8. The homogeneity test results were homogeneous preparations. The results of the spreadability test showed 4cm with a standard of 3-5 cm. So the conclusion from the concentration of 0.2% and 0.4% which showed good results was 0.2% because it met good physical quality standards.

Application of Pharmaceutical Care Standards in the Drug Storage Phase at Pharmacy X Lingsar, West Lombok Regency, in Accordance with the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation Number 17 of 2024

2025-06-30T15:01:24+00:00

Pharmacies, according to regulations, are vital locations within the healthcare service system. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of pharmaceutical service standards at Pharmacy X Lingsar, West Lombok Regency, specifically during the drug storage phase. This study employs a descriptive observational method, involving direct observation of the storage system using a checklist at Pharmacy X Lingsar, located in Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency. The research findings indicate the following compliance rates: Spatial Arrangement 83.33%, Drug Organization 83.33%, Stock Card Recording 100%, and Drug Quality Monitoring 100%. These results suggest that drug storage practices at Pharmacy X Lingsar do not fully meet the standards outlined in the Ministry of Health Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 17 of 2024 and the National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia (BPOM RI) of 2018.

ACUTE CENTRAL TYPE FACIAL PARALYSIS AS A RARE MANIFESTATION OF CEREBRAL ARTERY STROKE MEDIA

2025-06-30T15:01:24+00:00

Acute central type facial paralysis is a rare manifestation of cerebral artery media stroke (MCA) that is often misdiagnosed as Bell's palsy. This article discusses the case of a 40-year-old woman with a swollen face to the right and a deviation of the tongue to the left without weakness of the extremities, as well as hypertension at onset. The diagnosis of Bell's palsy is questionable due to the involvement of nerve XII and vascular risk factors. Lesions in the primary motor cortex or corticobulbar tract, supplied by a specific branch of MCA, are the main cause of this condition. About 3-7% of acute MCA strokes show central-type facial paralysis as the main symptom. Management includes the administration of antiplatelets, while corticosteroids are not recommended in ischemic stroke. The prognosis of this case tends to be good compared to MCA stroke with extensive neurological deficits, but the risk of recurrence is high if vascular risk factors are not controlled. This study confirms the importance of vigilance against atypical manifestations of stroke, especially in patients with hypertension or other vascular risk factors. Proper diagnosis, appropriate management, early rehabilitation, and secondary prevention play a major role in improving clinical outcomes and preventing stroke recurrence.

Phytochemical Composition of 70% Ethanol Extract of Noni Fruit (MorindacitrifoliaL.) Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method and LC-MS Q-ToF

2025-07-28T18:48:57+00:00

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is a traditional medicinal plant that is widely used in the treatment of various degenerative diseases. However, scientific data regarding the composition of its bioactive compounds are still limited, especially those analyzed using a high-precision instrument approach. This study aims to identify the phytochemical composition in 70% ethanol extract of noni fruit using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) method. Extraction was performed by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method and compound analysis using Q-ToF type LC-MS instrument with positive ionization mode. The results showed that noni extract contained 28 compounds, with 13 compounds successfully identified consisting of 7 alkaloids, 3 glycosides, 1 phenolic, 1 amino acid, and 1 aminoglycoside. The major compound identified was Methyl (5R)-2,3,4-tris-O-(methoxymethyl)-5-{2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-piperidinyl]ethyl}-α-D-xylopyranoside, belonging to the glycoside group with a molecular weight of 485.25 g/mol. These results indicate that noni fruit contains diverse secondary metabolite compounds with the dominance of alkaloid and glycoside compounds. This study contributes to providing primary data based on LC-MS technology on the chemical composition of Indonesian natural ingredients and can be a scientific basis for the development of medicinal plant-based pharmaceutical preparations with noni active ingredients.

The Relationship Between Registration Time and Outpatient Satisfaction at Dr. Tengku Mansyur Tanjungbalai Hospital

2025-07-28T19:40:12+00:00

The registration unit serves as the initial point of contact in healthcare services, shaping patients’ first impressions of a hospital’s service quality. This study aimed to examine the correlation between registration service time and outpatient satisfaction at RSUD Dr. Tengku Mansyur Tanjung Balai. A quantitative research approach was utilized with a cross-sectional design and correlation analysis. A total of 105 respondents were selected through a random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from prior studies and validated for reliability. The results of the Pearson correlation test showed a significant relationship between registration service time and patient satisfaction (p = 0.000). The correlation coefficient was -0.806, indicating a strong negative association. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.646, which means that 64.6% of patient satisfaction was influenced by registration waiting time—categorized as a strong correlation. These findings indicate that longer registration times are associated with lower levels of patient satisfaction. The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing the registration process as a strategic step to improve overall hospital service quality.

Evaluation of Antibiotic Utilization Patterns in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Inpatients Using ATC/DDD and DU 90% Methods at Taman Husada Bontang Regional General Hospital in 2024

2025-07-28T20:11:24+00:00

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) represents an acute infectious inflammatory condition affecting the lung parenchyma, typically contracted in non-hospital settings. Antibiotic therapy serves as the primary treatment modality for CAP. This investigation employs a dual methodological approach: quantitative assessment through the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) metric and qualitative evaluation utilizing the Drug Utilization 90% (DU 90%) analysis. The study objectives focus on characterizing antibiotic consumption patterns among CAP patients at Taman Husada Bontang Regional General Hospital during 2024, employing both ATC/DDD and DU90% analytical frameworks. This quantitative descriptive research utilized retrospective data collection from medical records of CAP inpatients admitted between January and June 2024. Following comprehensive screening, 83 eligible patient records were included for analysis. Data processing involved descriptive statistical methods with Microsoft Excel for tabular presentation of findings. Demographic analysis revealed a homogeneous age distribution (100% within 18-39 years) with male predominance (59%). Quantitative evaluation identified Ceftriaxone as the most frequently prescribed antibiotic (42.5 DDD/100 treatment days). The DU 90% analysis further delineated the therapeutic landscape, with Ceftriaxone (52.9%), Levofloxacin (23.5%), Azithromycin (11.1%), and Ceftazidime (5.3%) constituting the predominant therapeutic agents.

The Effect of Giving Red Ginger Jelly an Dysmenorrhea Pain in Female Students at Junior High School in Samarinda

2025-07-28T19:17:18+00:00

Adolescence is a period of growth and developmental change, both biologically, cognitively, and psychosocially, called puberty. A sign that a teenager is experiencing puberty is that she will experience menstruation. Menstrual pain, commonly known as dysmenorrhea, occurs during menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation that is felt in the lower abdomen to pain in the waist. One treatment with non-pharmacological therapy to reduce dysmenorrhea pain during menstruation is the administration of Red Ginger Jelly, which contains essential oils and aloricin, which can inhibit prostaglandin hormones to decrease pain. To determine whether Red Ginger Jelly affects dysmenorrhea pain in junior high school students in Samarinda. One group with a pre- and post-test design comprised students in 7th, 8th, and 9th grades of Junior High School in Samarinda who experienced primary dysmenorrhea pain. The non-probability sampling technique with Purposive Sampling included 18 individuals. Data were processed by univariate and bivariate analyses using the Shapiro–Wilk and Wilcoxon tests. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of giving Red Ginger Jelly on dysmenorrhea pain in students at Junior High School in Samarinda (p-value 0.000) with p value < 0.05. Red Ginger Jelly reduced primary dysmenorrhea pain in junior high school students in Samarinda.

Impact of Side Effects on Adherence in Drug-Resistance Tuberculosis Treatment at RSD dr. Soebandi Jember

2025-07-28T20:29:32+00:00

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. Patient adherence to treatment is crucial for therapy which side effects of tuberculosis treatment are a significant factor affecting compliance. This study aims to analyze the impact of side effects from anti-tuberculosis drugs on the medication adherence of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis patients (DR-TB) at RSD dr. Soebandi in Jember. This study was a retrospective cohort observational that included 245 DR-TB patients register at the dr. Soebandi Hospital from January 2021-December 2023. The electronic medical records, web-based tuberculosis information systems (SITB), and data filling sheets was used. The Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) method was used to evaluate the medication adherence. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS 27.0. Ten patients were excluded due to HIV comorbidities, resulting a final sample of 235 patients. The findings revealed that 53.6% of patients were non-adherence. The three most common types of side effects were gastrointestinal (43.4%), musculoskeletal (29.8%) and skin-related side effects (16.6%). The multivariate logistic regression showed that adherence was significantly reduced by the presence of side effects (aOR: 0,153; 95%CI 0,052-0,448), the number of side effects >2 types (aOR: 0,290; 95%CI 0,101-0,837), and the musculoskeletal-related side effects (aOR: 0,441; 95%CI 0,201-0,972).

Adherence Level to Antihypertensive Medication Among Internal Medicine Outpatients at Anna Medika General Hospital Madura

2025-06-30T15:01:25+00:00

Hypertension is one of the chronic diseases known as a “silent killer” because it often presents without symptoms but can lead to serious complications such as stroke, kidney failure, and even death. The main challenge in hypertension treatment is patient non-adherence to regularly taking medication as prescribed, which can reduce treatment effectiveness and increase the risk of complications. A high level of adherence is essential to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes and prevent harmful long-term effects. This study aims to determine the level of adherence to antihypertensive medication among patients at the internal medicine outpatient clinic of Anna Medika General Hospital Madura. The research used a descriptive quantitative method with a survey approach, employing the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) as the data collection instrument. The questionnaire was distributed to 96 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using the Guttman scale, and statistical processing was performed using SPSS version 16.0. The results showed that all respondents fell into the adherent category, with an average adherence rate of 94%. This indicates that most patients are aware of the importance of taking medication regularly, even while traveling or feeling well. The study concludes that the level of adherence to antihypertensive medication at Anna Medika General Hospital is high, serving as a positive indicator for the long-term effectiveness of therapy.

Performance Analysis of the Pharmacy Installation Dr Harjono Ponorogo Regional General Hospital in 2023 Based on the Balanced Scorecard Method

2025-07-02T03:10:27+00:00

Background: RSUD Dr. Harjono Ponorogo is a referral health facility in the Ponorogo district. So far, its performance measurement has only focused on financial aspects. Therefore, a more comprehensive approach is needed using the Balanced Scorecard method which includes four main perspectives, namely financial perspectives, internal business processes, customers, growth and learning

Objectives: To determine the performance of IFRS RSUD dr Harjono balanced scorecard method using four perspectives.

Methods: Descriptive research method with a combination approach involved all IFRS employees and repeat visit outpatients, this study designed non-experimental case study was descriptive. Data collected in the form of quantitative data and qualitative. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Criteria used for the respondent customers are all Hospital Pharmacy Installation employees and repeat visit outpatients

Results: The results showed on Financial perspective suggests that ITOR in 2022 was 12,90 and 2023 was 10,91, GPM in 2022 was 19,69% and 2023 was 19,68%, GROS in 2022 was growth 1,25% and 2023 was growth 1,52%. Internal Business Processes perspective suggests that was availability of drugs according to standards However, the value of dead stock drugs at 4.86% and expired drugs at 1.96% is still above the standard value of more than 1%. The results showed on Customers on five dimensions still obtained negative result an average GAP of -0.54 his shows that the IFRS RSUD Dr Harjono provides unsatisfactory service quality for patients. In the perspective of growth and learning, the ability and motivation to work are in a very high category

Conclusion: Financial perspective, internal business processes, growth and learning in the good category and according to standards except for the dead stock and Expired Date values still above the standard. In the customer perspective, they are still dissatisfied with the service, so the pharmaceutical installation requires an improvement strategy

The Effect of Boiling Duration on The Antioxidant Activity of Green Mustard (Brassica rapa L.)

2025-07-28T20:03:00+00:00

Background: A study stated that one of the contents of green mustard is phenolic which acts as an antioxidant. Antioxidant activity is influenced by the processing method, especially boiling. The duration of boiling can cause damage to antioxidant compounds. Outcome: This study was to determine the effect of the duration of boiling green mustard on the antioxidant activity contained in it. Method: This study used a laboratory experimental method with a post-test only controlled group. Results: The results of testing on fresh green mustard, green mustard boiled for 2-4 minutes showed an increase in IC50 value from 4,414.03E + 48 ppm to 5.3805E + 138 ppm. Green mustard boiled for 6 minutes experienced a decrease in IC50 value from 5.3805E + 138 ppm to 2,505.23E + 45 ppm. The IC50 value of green mustard boiled for 8 minutes increased again to 5,051.02E + 48 ppm. Boiled mustard greens for 10 minutes had a significantly decreased IC50 value to 0.0469 ppm. Conclusion: The effect of the duration of boiling green mustard greens (Brassica rapa L.) on the antioxidant effects contained there in. The duration of boiling green mustard greens (Brassica rapa L.) which has good antioxidant activity in green mustard greens boiled for 10 minutes.
Keyword: Green Mustard, Phenolic, Antioxidant, Post Test Only Controlled Group

Analysis of Secondary Metabolite Compounds and Sunscreen Potential of Red Seaweed Extract (Kappaphycus alvarezii) on the North Coast of Jepara

2025-07-28T20:56:53+00:00

Red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) or Eucheuma cottonii is one of seaweed that is widely cultivated by people in Jepara. Several studies stated that the seaweed has a lot of secondary metabolite content, one of them is Phenolic. It is known that these metabolites have potential to be used as sunscreen.The riserch is experimental and purpose of this study was to analyze secondary metabolite compounds and the sunscreen potential of red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) with solvent variations (70% ethanol, ethyl acetate and N-Hexane) using the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. The average of total phenol content of 70% ethanol extract was 8.6%; ethyl acetate extract was 3.25% and N-Hexane extract was 5.23%. Sunscreen activity of red seaweed extract (Kappaphycus alvarezii) based on the highest SPF value in 70% ethanol extract with a concentration of 1000 ppm was 7.72 (extra protection). The best erythema transmission percentage (%Te) value in 70% ethanol extract with a concentration of 1000 ppm was 1.457% (extra protection). The best pigmentation transmission percentage (%Tp) value in 70% ethanol extract with a concentration of 1000 ppm is 3.21% (sunblock).

AN ANALYSIS OF DRUG INVENTORY CONTROL EFFICIENCY USING ALWAYS BETTER CONTROL, VITAL ESSENTIAL NON-ESSENTIAL, AND ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY METHODS: A CASE STUDY AT ASSALAAM MEDICARE

2025-07-28T18:41:28+00:00

In-depth control of pharmaceutical inventory is critical, especially in healthcare facility units to ensure the availability of drugs to minimize the risk of stagnation (excess inventory of drugs) and inventory vacancies (shortage or empty level of inventory). The purpose of this study is to determine how inventory level control is carried out at Assalaam Medicare pharmacy using the ABC (Always, Better, Control), VEN (Vital, Essential, Non Essential), and EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) methods for the period January to March 2024. Based on ABC analysis of a total of 572 items of drugs, 151 items of drugs are classified into group A which accounts for 27.970 or 65%, with an investment value of 75% of the total, group B with 215 drug items with a consumption of 10,236 or 24% and an investment of 20%, and group C with 206 items which has a consumption of 4,521 or 11% and an investment of 6%. From the VEN analysis, 26 drug items belong to the vital (V) drug class of group A as an essential service segment. According to EOQ, the highest optimum order quantity is 2.061 items and the lowest optimum value is 17 items for a single order.

OPTIMIZATION OF GREEN SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES USING CHILI FRUIT EXTRACTS (Capsicum Sp.)

2025-07-02T06:01:47+00:00

The use of plant extracts as reductants in green synthesis of gold metal nanoparticles (AuNPs) requires optimal conditions of temperature, extract concentration and pH. The objective of this research is to identify the optimal synthesis conditions for producing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The reducing agents employed are extracts from three varieties of chili peppers: Katokkon, Cakra Hijau, and Paprika Merah. Variations of plant extract concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, incubation temperatures of 25°C, 37.5°C, and 50°C, and pH levels of 5, 7, and 9. The optimization formula design was determined using Box-Behnken, Design Expert version 13.0. The formation of AuNPs was indicated by a change in the color of the solution from yellow to pink to purple. Surface plasmon resonance was observed in the range of 200-800 nm using a microplate reader. Chili, Katokkon, Cakra Hijau and Red Paprika extracts were able to synthesize Au into AuNPs. The optimal formula for synthesizing AuNPs using Katokkon and Red Paprika extracts at a concentration of 10% while Ckra Hijau at a concentration of 15%. The incubation temperature used was 37.5°C for Katokkon extract and 25°C for Cakra Hijau and Red Pepper extract. The pH level used for the synthesis of AuNPs was pH 5 for all chili pepper extracts.

The Determinants of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Incidence at the Special Lung Hospital, Health Department of the Provincial Government of North Sumatera, 2021-2024

2025-07-28T20:34:22+00:00

Along with the increase in tuberculosis (TB) cases, there has also been a rise in the number of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) cases, which poses a serious threat to global TB control efforts. Globally, there are 400,000 DR-TB cases according to the WHO report in 2024, with Indonesia contributing 7.4% of the total cases. In North Sumatra, the incidence of DR-TB cases reached 54%. This study aims to analyze and identify the factors influencing the incidence of DR-TB among DR-TB patients at the Special Lung Hospital of the Provincial Government of North Sumatra. The study uses a quantitative approach with a case-control design utilizing secondary data from the SITB application at the Special Lung Hospital of the Provincial Government of North Sumatra from 2021-2024. The sample consists of 204 individuals with a 1:1 ratio, comprising 102 individuals with DR-TB and 102 controls with non-DR-TB. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. This study sets DR-TB incidence as the dependent variable, while independent variables include sex, employment status, age, treatment outcome, access to health service facilities, residence, contact examination, TB treatment history, diagnosis type, diabetes mellitus status, and HIV status. Data were analyzed using three tests: univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis with the use of statistical software version 22. The results show that factors significantly influencing DR-TB incidence include age (CI 95%: 4.7 [2.3-9.5]), employment (CI 95%: 3.4 [1.7-6.6]), and a history of previous TB treatment (CI 95%: 14.7 [5.5-39]).

Pharmacophore Identification Through Molecular Docking of Scopoletin as a PFKFB3 Receptor Inhibitor for Anticancer Drug Development

2025-07-03T07:57:51+00:00

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Current therapies often have limited effectiveness and significant side effects. The ability of cancer cells to utilize glycolysis for their growth is one of the challenges in the development of cancer therapies. This study aims to identify the pharmacophore of scopoletin molecules and its derivatives as inhibitors of the PFKFB3 receptor, which plays an important role in cancer cell metabolism through the glycolysis process. The method used is in silico molecular docking. The results showed that of the 12 scopoletin derivative compounds tested, compound C1 (modified by removing double bonds in the carbonyl group and hydroxyl group) showed the best performance with a binding energy value of -7.07 kcal/mol, an inhibition constant of 5.35 μM, and the highest pharmacophore fit value of 48.63. Molecular interaction analysis identified amino acid residues TYR424, LYS168, ALA44, LYS47, and THR48 as important binding sites on the PFKFB3 receptor. All test compounds meet Lipinski's rule and show good ADMET profiles, with Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA) values of more than 89%. The removal of the hydroxyl group at the C-7 position provides better binding values for each class of scopoletin derivative compounds, while the methoxy group plays an important role in the interaction with the target protein.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC, EATING PATTERNS AND EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING WITH UNDERNUTRITION IN TODDLERS IN MERAK VILLAGE

2025-07-28T20:53:31+00:00

Various factors such as socioeconomic conditions, dietary patterns, and exclusive breastfeeding practices contribute to the incidence of undernutrition among toddlers. A preliminary study in Merak Village recorded that approximately 21.5% of toddlers were affected by undernutrition. This study aims to explore the association between socioeconomic status, dietary patterns, and exclusive breastfeeding practices with the incidence of undernutrition among toddlers in Merak Village. A case-control design was employed, involving 50 respondents in each group, selected through purposive sampling. The sample size was determined using the Lemeshow formula. Undernutrition served as the dependent variable and was assessed based on the weight-for-age (W/A) index. sosioeconomi and exclusive breastfeeding variables using questionnaires and eating pattern using SQ-FFQ questionnaires. The data were statistically analyzed through the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression model. The findings demonstrated significant associations between undernutrition and several variables, including family income (p = 0.012; OR = 0.316), meal frequency (p < 0.001; OR = 11.156), quantity of food intake (p < 0.001; OR = 24.571), and exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.001; OR = 0.141). In contrast, maternal education (p = 0.288; OR = 0.566), paternal occupation (p = 0.691; OR = 1.000), and maternal occupation (p = 0.161; OR = 1.909) did not exhibit statistically significant relationships with undernutrition. Multivariate analysis further revealed that meal frequency, the amount of food intake, and exclusive breastfeeding were influential determinants of undernutrition among toddlers. Among these, exclusive breastfeeding emerged as the most dominant factor. Overall, family income, dietary practices, and breastfeeding status were identified as key risk factors contributing to undernutrition in early childhood.

Optimization and characteristics of selfnanoemulsifying drug delivery system (snedds) components diclofenac sodium fractional method factorial design (ffd)

2025-07-04T16:46:07+00:00

SelfNanoEmulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) is a drug delivery system designed to increase the solubility and bioavailability of active substances that are difficult to dissolve in water, such as sodium diclofenac. Diclofenac sodium SNEDDS was optimized using FFD. Variables: oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and mixing time. Responses: droplet size, PDI, and drug loading. Evaluation: DLS, UV-Vis, and stability tests. This study aims to optimize the formulation of SNEDDS sodium diclofenac using the Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) method to obtain a formula with the best characteristics. The main parameters analyzed include entrapment efficiency (%), vesicle size (nm), zeta potential (mV), and polydispersity index (PDI). The results showed that Formula F12 was the best formula with the highest desirability value (0.96). This formula has an entrapment efficiency of 92.5%, the smallest vesicle size (118 nm), and high electrostatic stability with a zeta potential of -36.0 mV and a low polydispersity index (0.20). In addition, Formulas F8 and F4 are also included in the optimum category with desirability values of 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. With small vesicle size and high stability, this SNEDDS formula has the potential to increase the bioavailability of diclofenac sodium, so it can be further developed as a more effective drug delivery system in pharmaceutical applications.